In the winter of 1782, he and Peggy moved to London, England. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. He was imprisoned by French authorities on Guadeloupe amid accusations of spying for the British, and narrowly eluded hanging by escaping to the blockading British fleet after bribing his guards. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. Interview with Philbrick in Michael Dolan, "Hero And Villain,", Julie Courtwright, "Whom Can We Trust Now? He was enrolled in a private school in nearby Canterbury, Connecticut, when he was 10, with the expectation that he would eventually attend Yale College. . He knew that he was distrusted and disliked by senior military officers on both sides. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. Benedict Arnold was born to a prominent businessman in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. [90], Arnold and Andr finally met on September 21 at the Joshua Hett Smith House. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. From there, he was ordered to Vermont where he met with Ethan Allen. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. Benedict Arnold, despite his bravery on the battlefield, eventually switched sides and became the most infamous traitor in American history. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The band played a funeral march. This was the last straw. "[65] A few days later, Arnold wrote to Greene and lamented over the "deplorable" and "horrid" situation of the country at that particular moment, citing the depreciating currency, disaffection of the army, and internal fighting in Congress, while predicting "impending ruin" if things did not change soon. By the time that he was 14, there was no money for private education. [68] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. When American leaders discovered the plot, Arnold fled. [10] His apprenticeship with the Lathrops lasted seven years. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. He arrived before Quebec City in November, after a difficult passage in which 300 men turned back and another 200 died en route. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. A pharmacist by trade, the 34-year-old Arnold joined the rebellion in 1775. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. Though the location was used for training cadets in engineering starting in 1794, it officially became the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1802. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. [12] In 1757 when he was 16, he did enlist in the Connecticut militia, which marched off toward Albany, New York, and Lake George. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. He claimed that Arnold was guilty of all kinds of treasonous acts and preferred the company of the British loyalists, all without offering any proof. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. His father was also called Benedict Arnold and his mother's name was Hannah Waterman King. He later said in his own defense that he was loyal to his true beliefs, yet he lied at the same time by insisting that Peggy was totally innocent and ignorant of his plans. Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. In real life: Arnold left for England in late 1781, before the official surrender, in an unsuccessful bid to persuade the Crown to keep the war going in America. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. Congress restored Arnold's command seniority in response to his valor at Saratoga. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. The September 21 meeting with British Major John Andre was a disaster for both men. [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. By. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. The other leg ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. [143], The Boot Monument at Saratoga National Historical Park pays tribute to Arnold but does not mention his name. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." [60] Some of this communication was effected through the services of Joseph Stansbury, a Philadelphia merchant.[61]. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. However, the deaths of his siblings two years later may have contributed to a decline in the family fortunes, since his father took up drinking. With Benedict Arnold, he led the Green Mountain Boys to capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British in 1775. Unable to find a new military or. His chaplain Rev. In that era, people ate most of the common foods without. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. [citation needed], He then continued on to Philadelphia where he met with members of Congress about his rank. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. He died after four days of delirium on June 14, 1801, at the age of 60. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. [139] However, not all depictions of Arnold were so negative. Why did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. Promoted to the rank of brigadier general, Arnold constructed a flotilla on Lake Champlain and inflicted severe losses on a greatly superior enemy fleet near Valcour Island, New York (October 11, 1776). John Andr was executed for spying. However, British casualties were high; nearly one quarter of the force was killed or wounded, and Clinton declared that he could ill afford any more such victories. [37] He also had disagreements with John Brown and James Easton, two lower-level officers with political connections that resulted in ongoing suggestions of improprieties on his part. He also faced financial ruin, falling 16,000[b] in debt with creditors spreading rumors of his insolvency, to the point where he took legal action against them. Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. [138] The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold. At a prearranged rendezvous point on the shoreline his contact arrived just after midnight. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Arnold lost most of his siblings to yellow fever, calamitous events that triggered alcoholism in his father. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. [59] Shippen and her circle of friends had found methods of staying in contact with paramours across the battle lines, despite military bans on communication with the enemy. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. Despite Arnold's defection to the British, he was a fierce patriot for . A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton Washington also infiltrated men into New York City in an attempt to capture Arnold. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. "Whom Can We Trust Now? [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. For several years before he . The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. In 1780, when "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" episode takes place, Rittenhouse in real life was treasurer of Pennsylvania. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. A colonial resident by birth, Arnold made his living as a merchant before joining the American military to defend against the British. 1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Answer (1 of 54): Go up to most British people and ask who Benedict Arnold was, and you will get a resounding "who?" back. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. Or was it a kind of extreme midlife crisis, swerving from radical political beliefs to reactionary ones, a change accelerated by his marriage to the very young, very pretty, very Tory Peggy Shippen? [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. He performed operations that provided the Americans with relief during the Siege of Fort Stanwix, and key actions during the pivotal 1777 Battles of Saratoga, in which he sustained leg injuries that put him out of combat career for several years. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17751776, Military career of Benedict Arnold, 17771779, A Proclamation to the Officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army, "The Crypt Center Church on the Green New Haven, CT", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200008, "Independence National Historical Park: History of the President's House", "The Culper Spy Ring American Revolution", "Loyal American Regiment Historical Treks", "Native Norwich Is Ignoring Benedict Arnold", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath Of Treason", Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7, "In Commemoration of Arnold's Expedition to Quebec", "Letter: Some recognize Gen. Arnold as true hero of the Revolutionary War", "By Brigadier-General Arnold, A proclamation to the officers and soldiers of the Continental army who have the real interest of their country at heart, and who are determined to be no longer the tools and dupes of Congress, or France [Signed]", "Netflix's America: The Motion Picture fails at just about everything", "Netflix's 'America: The Motion Picture' knows who its audience is. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. [1][7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. Corrections? He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". He then directed the construction of a fleet to defend Lake Champlain, which was overmatched and defeated in the October 1776 Battle of Valcour Island. What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. July 27] 1742 - June 19, 1786) was an American military officer and planter who served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.He emerged from the war with a reputation as one of George Washington's most talented and dependable officers, and is known for his successful command in the Southern theater of the conflict. After the war, he petitioned to have Vermont become a state. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. Updates? [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. Especially galling was a long feud with the civil authorities in Philadelphia which led to his court-martial. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. It was General Arnold. On November 10, 1778, General Nathanael Greene wrote to General John Cadwalader, "I am told General Arnold is become very unpopular among you oweing to his associateing too much with the Tories. 8. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. [104] He justified his actions in an open letter titled "To the Inhabitants of America", published in newspapers in October 1780. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. [83], Andr returned victorious from the Siege of Charleston on June 18, and both he and Clinton were immediately caught up in this news. While there, he disentangled himself from a lawsuit over an unpaid debt that Peggy had been fighting while he was away, paying 900[b] to settle a 12,000[b] loan that he had taken while living in Philadelphia. "No one has betrayed those in uniform like Donald Trump ," said the voiceover in the latest ad . Arnold was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. His company marched northeast the following month to assist in the siege of Boston that followed the Battles of Lexington and Concord. He presided over the rear of the Continental Army during its retreat from Saint-Jean, where he was reported by James Wilkinson to be the last person to leave before the British arrived. He joined the growing American army outside of Boston, and distinguished himself by acts that demonstrated intelligence and bravery: In 1775, he captured Fort Ticonderoga. He also began to insist on a face-to-face meeting, and suggested to Arnold that he pursue another high-level command. The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. [55], Andr conferred with Clinton, who gave him broad authority to pursue Arnold's offer. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. She was the conduit for information to the British. He then presented the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. He also peppered Washington with complaints about the lack of supplies, writing, "Everything is wanting. As early as 1778, there were signs that Arnold was unhappy with his situation and pessimistic about the country's future. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. He started as an apprentice The Arnold residence attained the reputation as one of early Amsterdam's finer homes. 1:38. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. His father's alcoholism worsened after her death, and the youth took on the responsibility of supporting his father and younger sister. It is what happened after 1775 that began to wear him down and bring on his disillusionment. Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. The second was Benedict Arnold. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. Arnold remained there until July 1781 and then returned to New York. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. He sent an Indian messenger into the camp of British Brigadier General Barry St. Leger with news that the approaching force was much larger and closer than it actually was; this convinced St. Leger's Indian allies to abandon him, forcing him to give up the effort. Far fewer know . The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. [117] After her first voyage, Arnold returned to London in 1786 to bring his family to Saint John. Before it could be carried out, however, minutemen captured John Andr and informed General George Washingtonof the plot. The most famous of these occurred on May 10, 1775, when Ethan Allen and his band of Green Mountain Boys, accompanied by Benedict Arnold, who held a commission from . [145], There are plaques on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, commemorating all of the generals who served in the Revolution. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. "[144] The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. Benedict Arnold was unhappy with his position in the Continental Army by the time he betrayed the cause of the American Revolution to the British. [b][6] He led British forces in the Raid of Richmond and nearby areas, and they burned much of New London, Connecticut, to the ground and slaughtered surrendering forces after the Battle of Groton Heightsjust a few miles downriver from the town where he had grown up. After his leg healed, Benedict Arnold was named Military Governor of Philadelphia. By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. 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